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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">Program execution</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
General concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Computer_program" title="Computer program">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="Translator_(computing)" title="Translator (computing)">Translation</a>
<ul><li><a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a></li>
<li><a href="Compile_time" title="Compile time">Compile time</a></li>
<li><a href="Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">Optimizing compiler</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Linker_(computing)" title="Linker (computing)"> Linking</a></li>
<li><a href="Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">Execution</a>
<ul><li><a href="Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">Runtime system</a></li>
<li><a href="Executable" title="Executable">Executable</a></li>
<li><a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">Interpreter</a></li>
<li><a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">Virtual machine</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Intermediate_representation" title="Intermediate representation">Intermediate representation</a> (IR)</li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Types of code</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Source_code" title="Source code">Source code</a></li>
<li><a href="Object_code" title="Object code">Object code</a></li>
<li><a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">Bytecode</a></li>
<li><a href="Machine_code" title="Machine code">Machine code</a></li>
<li><a href="Microcode" title="Microcode">Microcode</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Compilation strategies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Ahead-of-time_compilation" title="Ahead-of-time compilation">Ahead-of-time</a> (AOT)</li>
<li><a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">Just-in-time</a> (JIT)
<ul><li><a href="Tracing_just-in-time_compilation" title="Tracing just-in-time compilation">Tracing just-in-time</a></li>
<li><a href="Compile_and_go_system" title="Compile and go system">Compile and go system</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Precompilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Precompilation">Precompilation</a></li>
<li><a href="Source-to-source_compiler" title="Source-to-source compiler">Transcompilation</a></li>
<li><a href="Dynamic_recompilation" title="Dynamic recompilation">Recompilation</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Notable runtimes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Android_Runtime" title="Android Runtime">Android Runtime</a> (ART)</li>
<li><a href="BEAM_(Erlang_virtual_machine)" title="BEAM (Erlang virtual machine)">BEAM</a> (Erlang)</li>
<li> (CLR) and <a href="Mono_(software)#Code_Execution_Engine" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li>
<li><a href="CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a> and <a href="PyPy" title="PyPy">PyPy</a></li>
<li><a href="Crt0" title="Crt0">crt0</a> (<a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> target-specific initializer)</li>
<li><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a> (JVM)</li>
<li><a href="LuaJIT" title="LuaJIT">LuaJIT</a></li>
<li><a href="Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> and <a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a>'s</li>
<li><a href="V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a> and <a href="Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></li>
<li><a href="Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a> (PHP)</li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
Notable compilers & toolchains</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li><a href="GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a> (GCC)</li>
<li><a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a> and <a href="Clang" title="Clang">Clang</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B" title="Microsoft Visual C++">MSVC</a></li>
<li><a href="Glasgow_Haskell_Compiler" title="Glasgow Haskell Compiler">Glasgow Haskell Compiler</a> (GHC)</li></ul></td>
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<p>The <b>Common Language Runtime</b> (<b>CLR</b>), the <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a> component of <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>, manages the execution of .NET programs. <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">Just-in-time compilation</a> converts the <a href="Managed_code" title="Managed code">managed code</a> (compiled <a href="Intermediate_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate language">intermediate language</a> code) into <a href="Machine_instructions" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine instructions">machine instructions</a> which are then executed on the <a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> of the computer.<sup id="cite_ref-msdn-clr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn-clr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CLR provides additional services including <a href="Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a>, <a href="Type_safety" title="Type safety">type safety</a>, <a href="Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exception handling</a>, <a href="Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collection</a>, security and <a href="Thread_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread management">thread management</a>. All programs written for the .NET Framework, regardless of <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a>, are executed in the CLR. All versions of the .NET Framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998.
</p><p>CLR implements the <a href="Virtual_Execution_System" title="Virtual Execution System">Virtual Execution System</a> (VES) as defined in the <a href="Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a> (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. A public standard defines the Common Language Infrastructure specification.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Overview of the .NET Framework CLR release history<sup id="cite_ref-msdn-clr_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn-clr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>CLR version
</th>
<th>.NET version
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.0
</td>
<td><a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_1.0" title=".NET Framework version history">1.0</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.1
</td>
<td><a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_1.1" title=".NET Framework version history">1.1</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.0
</td>
<td><a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_2.0" title=".NET Framework version history">2.0</a>, <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_3.0" title=".NET Framework version history">3.0</a>, <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_3.5" title=".NET Framework version history">3.5</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4
</td>
<td><a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_4" title=".NET Framework version history">4</a>, <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_4.5" title=".NET Framework version history">4.5</a>, <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_4.6" title=".NET Framework version history">4.6</a>, <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_4.7" title=".NET Framework version history">4.7</a>, <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_4.8" title=".NET Framework version history">4.8</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>During the transition from legacy .NET technologies like the .NET Framework and its proprietary runtime to the community-developed <a href=".NET_Core" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Core">.NET Core</a>, the CLR was dubbed <b>CoreCLR</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, it is simply called the <b>.NET runtime</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new runtime for .NET Core follows <a href="Semantic_versioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic versioning">semantic versioning</a>. A later runtime version is able to run programs built for an earlier runtime version of the same major version (e.g. 2.2 and 2.1 have the same major version).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">List of CLI languages</a></li>
<li><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-msdn-clr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msdn-clr_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msdn-clr_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8bs2ecf4">"Common Language Runtime (CLR)"</a>. <i><a href="MSDN_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDN Library">MSDN Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/Aa569283.aspx">"ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards"</a>. <i>Visual Studio Developer Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/blogs/understanding-net-framework-net-core-and-net-standard-and-future-net">"Understanding .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET Standard And Future .NET"</a>. <i>www.c-sharpcorner.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/runtime">".NET is a cross-platform runtime for cloud, mobile, desktop, and IoT apps"</a>. <i>GitHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKang" class="citation web cs1">Kang, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/55411194">"Is .NET Core Runtime backwards compatible with previous releases?"</a>. <i>Stack Overflow</i>. <q>...NET Core runtime updates are compatible within a major version 'band' such as 1.x and 2.x. [...] ".NET Core 2.1" refers to the .NET Core Runtime version number. The .NET Core Runtime has a major/minor/patch approach to versioning that follows semantic versioning.</q></cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=30601">Components of Common Language Runtime</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425220519/http://www.visualbuilder.com/dotnet/tutorial/clr-%28common-language-runtime%29/">Components of CLR</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a4t23ktk.aspx">Overview of the .NET Framework 4.0</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zw4w595w.aspx">.NET Framework Conceptual Overview</a></li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby=".NET630" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id=".NET630" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_.NET_strategy" title="Microsoft .NET strategy">.NET strategy</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_.NET_libraries_and_frameworks" title="List of .NET libraries and frameworks">Libraries and frameworks</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a> (Core)</li>
<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>
<ul><li><a href=".NET_Framework_version_history" title=".NET Framework version history">Version history</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Compact_Framework" title=".NET Compact Framework">.NET Compact Framework</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a></li>
<li><a href="Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li>
<li><a href="XNA_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="XNA Framework">XNA Framework</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li> (CLR)</li>
<li><a href="COM_Interop" title="COM Interop">COM Interop</a></li>
<li><a href="Framework_Class_Library" title="Framework Class Library">Framework Class Library</a> (FCL)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_component" title="Software component">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ADO.NET" title="ADO.NET">ADO.NET</a>
<ul><li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>
<ul><li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">Web Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="ASP.NET_AJAX" title="ASP.NET AJAX">AJAX</a></li>
<li><a href="ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">Core</a></li>
<li><a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">Dynamic Data</a></li>
<li><a href="ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">MVC</a></li>
<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Avalonia_(software_framework)" title="Avalonia (software framework)">Avalonia</a></li>
<li><a href="ClickOnce" title="ClickOnce">ClickOnce</a></li>
<li><a href="Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">Dynamic Language Runtime</a></li>
<li><a href="Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">Extensible Application Markup Language</a> (XAML)</li>
<li><a href="Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">Language Integrated Query</a> (LINQ)</li>
<li><a href="Managed_Extensibility_Framework" title="Managed Extensibility Framework">Managed Extensibility Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_XNA" title="Microsoft XNA">Microsoft XNA</a></li>
<li><a href="Parallel_Extensions" title="Parallel Extensions">Parallel Extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a> (WCF)
<ul><li><a href="WCF_Data_Services" title="WCF Data Services">WCF Data Services</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a> (WinForms)</li>
<li><a href="Windows_Identity_Foundation" title="Windows Identity Foundation">Windows Identity Foundation</a> (WIF)</li>
<li><a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> (WPF)</li>
<li><a href="Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">Windows Workflow Foundation</a> (WF)</li>
<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">.NET Remoting</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Decompiler" title="Decompiler">Decompilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href=".NET_Reflector" title=".NET Reflector">.NET Reflector</a></li>
<li><a href="JetBrains" title="JetBrains">dotPeek</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Obfuscation_(software)" title="Obfuscation (software)">Obfuscators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dotfuscator" title="Dotfuscator">Dotfuscator</a></li>
<li><a href="Redgate" title="Redgate">SmartAssembly</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li>
<li><a href="ILAsm" title="ILAsm">ILAsm</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Compiler_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Compiler Platform">.NET Compiler Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="Native_Image_Generator" title="Native Image Generator">Native Image Generator</a> (NGen)</li>
<li><a href="XAMLPad" class="mw-redirect" title="XAMLPad">XAMLPad</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>
<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Blend" title="Microsoft Blend">Blend</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Express</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li>
<li><a href="SharpDevelop" title="SharpDevelop">SharpDevelop</a></li>
<li><a href="Xamarin_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Xamarin Studio">Xamarin Studio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href=".NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href=".NET_Framework_version_history" title=".NET Framework version history">List</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:.NET" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:.NET">Commons</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_Language_Infrastructure106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_Language_Infrastructure106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Application_domain" title="Application domain">Application domain</a></li>
<li><a href="Code_Access_Security" title="Code Access Security">Code Access Security</a></li>
<li><a href="Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_CIL_instructions" title="List of CIL instructions">instructions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Common_Type_System" title="Common Type System">Common Type System</a></li>
<li><a href="Platform_Invocation_Services" title="Platform Invocation Services">Platform Invocation Services</a></li>
<li><a href="Virtual_Execution_System" title="Virtual Execution System">Virtual Execution System</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Assembly_(CLI)" title="Assembly (CLI)">Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="Delegate_(CLI)" title="Delegate (CLI)">Delegate</a></li>
<li><a href="Global_Assembly_Cache" title="Global Assembly Cache">Global Assembly Cache</a></li>
<li><a href="Manifest_(CLI)" title="Manifest (CLI)">Manifest</a></li>
<li><a href="Metadata_(CLI)" title="Metadata (CLI)">Metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="Standard_Libraries_(CLI)" title="Standard Libraries (CLI)">Standard Libraries</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsoft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Compact_Framework" title=".NET Compact Framework">.NET Compact Framework</a></li>
<li><a href=".NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li>
<li><a href="DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">Visual Basic</a></li>
<li><a href="F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li>
<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Axum_(programming_language)" title="Axum (programming language)">Axum</a></li>
<li><a href="A_Sharp_(.NET)" title="A Sharp (.NET)">A#</a></li>
<li><a href="Boo_(programming_language)" title="Boo (programming language)">Boo</a></li>
<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>
<li><a href="Cobra_(programming_language)" title="Cobra (programming language)">Cobra</a></li>
<li><a href="C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="IronScheme" title="IronScheme">IronScheme</a></li>
<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>
<li><a href="IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li>
<li><a href="JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li>
<li><a href="Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">J#</a></li>
<li><a href="Nemerle" title="Nemerle">Nemerle</a></li>
<li><a href="Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li>
<li><a href="Phalanger_(compiler)" title="Phalanger (compiler)">Phalanger</a></li>
<li><a href="Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li>
<li><a href="Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li>
<li><a href="Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Java">C# and Java</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET">C# and Visual Basic .NET</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_Visual_Basic_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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